Lou writes:
For Brother Boris: I also think there are some very good examples of the Church-State problem in the history of Tsarist Russia and its relationship to the Orthodox Communion.
Indeed! I think that is one reason that in my jurisdiction (the OCA) we are so careful to stay away from political endorsements, political parties and the mixing of the Orthodox faith and politics. It can be deadly, and the Church always gets burned in the end. I know that in the OCA, at least, clergy are expressly forbidden from running for political office. I know that in my parish discussion of politics is greatly frowned upon by the priests. As Father Jacob says, "Politics is not dogma." Different people can have different views on things.
Concerning Tsarist Russia, things really got bad under Peter the Great when the Moscow Patriarchate was disestablished and replaced by a layman called the "Oberprocurator" (a term borrowed from the state churches of Germany). This, in effect, made the Russian Orthodox Church a mere department of the state, like the post office or the public school system. Although the period had some bright spots in it, the Church was reduced to that of compliant servant of the government at best. It was not our finest hour. Interestingly enough, as soon as Nicholas II abdicated, the Russian Church (suddenly being free of Tsarist rule), called an All Russian Council and elected a Patriarch in 1917/1918. He was a great man, named Tikhon Bellavin, and he had served as a bishop both in Russia and in America before he was elected Patriarch of Moscow.
Sadly though, shortly after he was elected Patriarch, the Communists took over and began persecuting the Church brutally. Tikhon himself was bullied, harassed and persecuted by the Communist authorities and sent to a mental institution (a favorite tactic of the Communists, since any "religion" was considered a "mental illness"). He was forcibly given drugs to make him go blind and died from a supposed "accidental" overdose of morphine in a Soviet prison hospital in 1925.