On smaller seminaries: the problem is that in the years since I began seminary teaching in 1980, the overhead costs of any seminary have significantly increased. A seminary, no matter how small, cannot survive without an IT person, without multiple library staff to deal with the variety of resources one must be able to offer. without someone to handle federal loans, without much greater staff attention to documenting compliance with accreditation standards, and so forth. These are not optional. This places a significant squeeze on the finances of all small, stand-alone seminaries, unless they have sizable endowments.